In today’s world of technology,
science is getting advanced day by day. New technologies are being introduced. There
will be such simple yet universal important things which can’t be neglected
like electricity.Electricity has a prominent place in mankind. The electricity
we use at home is a single phase electricity. To record that we have been
installed with an device energy meter. Induction type Energy meter is a device
records and present the amount of electricity we use . Let us see how an
induction type Energy meter works and also some of its errors during the
operation.
Working:
There are two
electromagnets in an energy meter, the one is called the shunt and the other is
called the series magnet. Shunt magnet consists of a coil called pressure coil
and the coil of series magnet is known as the current coil. The aluminium disc
of energy meter determines the energy consumption of the user.The supply
voltage is used by the pressure coil to produce a magnetic field and the
current coil produces it due to current. The induced field of the voltage coil
which is in lagging by 90° on the magnetic field of the current coil because of
which eddy current is induced in the disc.The interaction of the Eddy current
and the magnetic field causes to produce torque exerting a force on the disc tends
to move or rotate.The force applied on the disc is directly proportional to the
current and voltage of the coil. This means if the current voltage increase the
movement is also increased.The rotation is controlled by the permanent magnet.The
permanent magnet opposes the moment of the disc and equalises it to the power consumption.
The cyclomator counts the rotation of the disc.
Various errors during
the operation of an energy meter:
Phase error
In an energy meter the
flux produced in the shunt magnet should leg at an angle of 90 degree from the
applied voltage. if it doesn’t lags, then the phase error occurs on the central
limb of the shunt magnet we use an adjustable copper shading band.This band can
be adjusted upward or downward.When we set it upward the flux increases and
when we set it downward the flux decreases.So as the angle between the applied
voltage and flux produced. This is how we can fix the creeping error this error
is also called power factor compensator.
Creeping error
Creeping error simply means,
when there is no load connected to the energy meter even then the aluminium
disc rotates. The potential coil is in parallel to the supply voltage due to
which when we apply voltage to it, flux is made and induced at the current. Due
to this Eddy current a force is applied and disc rotates. So meter also records
a value. Now to fix this creeping error
we make two holes around the spindle on the aluminium disc at an angle of 180 degrees,
so this prevent creeping.
Speed error
When load is connected
to the magnetic flux interact the resultant will make the aluminium disc in a
particular direction and breaking mechanism tries to stop it. When the
aluminium disc starts moving at a high speed , the recording mechanism will
record value at high speed. This is known as speeding error this occurs when
the driving to work is more than the breaking torque.
Temperature error
We know there are many
coils wounded inside and energy Meter. Now with time temperature of these coils
increases due to which resistance also increases. This increase in resistance
causes temperature error.
Friction error
There are two bearings
present in an energy meter.Now there is wearing and tearing, So due to friction
the energy meter starts moving slowly. To fix this error we apply copper
shading Coil on both age of the shunt magnet.
Overload error
As the name implies, when
there is an overloading in the circuit the current coil will demand more
current so overload error occurs to fix this error we use a compensating
winding.
If you found this
article useful make sure to check out other articles related to technology.
Thank you for reading
this article patiently.
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