Household energy
meter:
Electricity is the
vital energy for functioning of all electrical appliances. Every house has an
electricity connection and a measuring device for the consumption of
electricity. In this article we will discuss about the functioning of an energy
meter along with its operating principle.
Construction:
A energy meter mainly
consists of these four main parts.
Driving system.
The main components of
this driving system are electromagnet. This temporary magnet is excited by the
current flows through their coil. The core of this coil is made up of silicon
steel lamination. This driving system consists of two electromagnets.
Electromagnets are the magnets which are magnetised by passing current through
them. The two magnets are placed upside down. The upper magnet is called shunt
magnet and the down magnet is called the series magnet.
The series magnet is
excited by the loadCurrent passes through it.The shunt coil of the Shunt magnet
is directly connected with the supply and hence carries the current
proportional to the shuntvoltage. This coil is called the pressure coil. The
centre limb of the magnet has the copper band.These bands are adjustable. The
main function of the copper band is to align the flux produced by the shunt
magnet in such a way that it is excited perpendicularly to the supplied voltage.
Moving system:
An aluminium disc
mounted on the shaft of the alloy is called the moving system. This disc is
placed in the air gap of two electromagnets. The Eddy current is induced in the
disc due to change in magnetic field. This Eddy current is cut by the magnetic
flux and the disc induces the deflection torque.
When the power is
consumed by the device this aluminium disc starts rotating and after some number
of rotations the disc shows the unit showed by the load.
Braking system:
A permanent magnet is
used to reduce the rotation of the aluminium disc. Eddy current is induced due
to this rotation. This Eddy current cuts the magnetic flux of the permanent
magnet and produces brushing torque. This braking torque produced opposes the
movement of the disc and hence reduces it’s speed.
Counting mechanism:
Counting mechanism is
used to count the number of rotations made by the aluminum disc. The number of
rotations of an aluminium disc is directly proportional to the energy consumed
by the user. The rotation of the disc is transmitted to the pointer of
different dial for recording the different readings. This reading gets in number and the figure is
shown.
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